ALBAHITH ALALAMI
type: channel
description: Journal of ALBAHITH ALALAMI (ABAA) is a pioneering scientific, peer review, and refereed scholarly journal that provides an open forum for researchers, academics, and service providers in the fields of media, communication science, and journalism studies. It focuses on the role of new media, communication technologies, and the effect of representing information in various formats according to quality of service and experience. ABAA journal issued by the College of Mass Communication/ University of Baghdad. The first issue was published in 2005. ABAA is a quarterly published journal (March, June, September, and December of the year), and it follows rigorous scientific arbitration procedures. Moreover, all of its content is openly accessible and free of charge. For more information, please don’t hesitate to contact US
publisher: College of Mass Communication, University of Baghdad
language: en
publication name: ALBAHITH ALALAMI
issn: 1995-8005
copyright: Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) that allows sharing the work with recognition of authorship and initial publication in ABBA journal.
items: Freedom of Expression from the Perspective of Media Practitioners in Arab Media Institutions
items: The Role of Instagram Advertising in Increasing Feelings of Boredom Among Iraqi Youth
items: Government Public Relations and Its Role in Managing Artificial Intelligence Issues
items: Journalism and Audiences in the Age of Misinformation
items: The Effectiveness of Digital Security Content in Reducing Drug Promotion from the Perspective of the Audience in the City of Kirkuk
items: Minority Media
items: Digital promotion strategies via social media from the perspective of Iraqi promoters
items: Content Analysis of News Reports on Al Jazeera Website Representing Iraqi Archaeological Heritage Under Threat
items: Social Media Platforms and Their Role in Addressing Deviant Behaviors from the Perspective of University Youth
items: The Reality of Media Training Programs for Palestinian Female Journalists in Light of Digital Media
items: Cultural Dimensions in Television Advertising
items: Borrowing Media Discourse in Selected Models of the Arabic Novel
items: The Use of Soft Power in Russian Propaganda
items: The Performance of Hussaini Media and Development Opportunities from the Perspective of Academic and Religious Elites
items: Communication Methods of Drug Dealers and Their Impact on Youth in Baghdad
items: Sports Songs of Arab Ultras Groups as a Space for Political Expression
items: Journalistic Narrative of Human-Interest Stories Using 360° Video Technology on the Al Jazeera Contrasts Platform
items: News Coverage of Gaza Events on the BBC Arabic Website
items: Journalistic Frames in the Coverage of the “Theft of the Century” Case on News Websites
items: The Mental Image of the Private Banking Sector Among Customers
items: The Importance of Management in Journalistic Institutions
items: Compatibility and Difference in News Coverage of the Russian-Ukrainian Conflict
items: Al-Sabah Newspaper’s Coverage of Saudi-Iranian Relations
items: Motivations Behind Sports Audiences' Use of Sports News Websites on Social Media
items: The Relationship Between Political and Security News on Iraqi Satellite Channels and Public Anxiety
items: Public Relations Management of National Identity in International Exhibitions
items: Frames of Coverage of the Daniel Hurricane Disaster in Derna, Libya by the Website of Al-Sharq Al-Awsat International Newspaper
items: The representation of Arab masculinity in advertising
items: The Role of Public Relations in Building the Institutional Image of Organizations Concerned with Children's Affairs
items: Iraqi Journalists' representations of their professional identity

Freedom of Expression from the Perspective of Media Practitioners in Arab Media Institutions
type: item
description: Objectives: This study aims to identify the role played by Arab media institutions in promoting the principle of freedom of expression within digital media. It examines the extent to which diverse viewpoints are accommodated, investigates the reality of imposed restrictions and the mechanisms used to circumvent them, and analyzes the factors that attract audiences and influence media attention toward issues raised on social media platforms. Methodology: The study adopted the descriptive survey method and employed research tools including interviews and a measurement scale. The study was conducted on a sample of 65 male and female media professionals working in Iraqi media institutions. Results: The findings revealed that media practitioners possess a clear understanding of the concept of freedom of expression. However, Arab media institutions were found to play a role in restricting this freedom and intervening in the opinions and issues presented by journalists and media professionals. The results also demonstrated that communication practitioners generally adhere to the ethical standards of media practice despite facing various professional pressures and challenges that influence the nature of their opinions and digital content. Conclusion: The study concluded that a gap exists between the theoretical principle of freedom of expression and its actual practice within Arab media institutions. Institutional constraints and professional pressures affect the degree of freedom available to media practitioners in expressing their opinions and addressing issues through digital platforms. Nevertheless, communication practitioners remain committed to professional media ethics, reflecting their efforts to maintain a balance between professional responsibility and the requirements of freedom of expression in the digital environment.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Freedom of expression
  topic: keywords
subject: freedom of opinion
  topic: keywords
subject: communication practitioner
  topic: keywords
subject: Arab media institutions
  topic: keywords
creator: Nahlah Najah Abdullah
creator: Ali Mahmoud Ibrahim
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Author http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-28
publication date: 2026-06-28
starting page: 1
ending page: 19
doi: 10.33282/abaa.v18i72.1329

The Role of Instagram Advertising in Increasing Feelings of Boredom Among Iraqi Youth
type: item
description: Objectives: This study aims to examine the role of Instagram advertisements in increasing feelings of boredom among Iraqi youth and to understand the nature of their psychological and behavioral responses to various forms of advertising content. The research seeks to identify and interpret the growing sense of boredom and aversion experienced by users as a result of continuous exposure to advertisements on Instagram, particularly in light of the increasing volume of advertising content and its integration into the daily interactive experiences of young users. Methodology: The study falls within the scope of correlational and causal research and employed the survey method. Data were collected using an Advertising Boredom Scale administered to a sample of 759 Iraqi youths. The sample was selected using non-probability purposive and snowball sampling techniques due to the difficulty of defining the virtual study population, with a particular focus on users who are regularly exposed to advertisements. Results: The findings revealed a high level of advertising-related boredom among Iraqi youth. The results indicated that 37.0% of respondents use Instagram primarily for social networking, while 26.1% use it for entertainment, making advertisements an interruptive element within the user experience. The study also found a strong aversion to advertisements that conflict with social values (88%) or exploit emotions (85.6%), as well as to advertisements characterized by poor quality and excessive repetition (80.3%). Conclusion: The findings suggest that advertising boredom constitutes a widespread emotional response among Iraqi youth and is not significantly associated with age or gender differences. This reflects the growing influence of digital advertising on shaping users’ psychological and behavioral experiences within the contemporary communication environment.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Digital advertising
  topic: keywords
subject: feelings of boredom
  topic: keywords
subject: Instagram platform
  topic: keywords
subject: psychological effects of advertising
  topic: keywords
subject: frustration
  topic: keywords
creator: Qayssar Jabbar Gatea
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Author http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-28
publication date: 2026-06-28
starting page: 20
ending page: 43
doi: 10.33282/abaa.v18i72.1314

Government Public Relations and Its Role in Managing Artificial Intelligence Issues
type: item
description: Objectives: This research aims to examine the role of government public relations in managing artificial intelligence issues, focusing on how global public opinion is directed within the framework of the U.S. Artificial Intelligence Action Plan. It also analyzes its ability to balance the technological, economic, and security dimensions of this emerging technology. Methodology: The study adopted the case study method, utilizing content analysis both quantitatively and qualitatively. Data were analyzed through frequencies and statistical percentages, in addition to discourse analysis to understand the patterns and trends within the official discourse represented in the U.S. Artificial Intelligence Action Plan document. Results: The findings showed that the political–security dimension ranked first among the studied dimensions, accounting for (40.93%), reflecting the U.S. plan’s focus on technological dominance in political and security domains. The results also indicate that the plan aims to consolidate the United States’ position as a primary global reference in the field of artificial intelligence, emphasizing control over the development of AI-related systems and technologies. Conclusion: It can be concluded that government public relations play a pivotal role in managing artificial intelligence issues, not only in policy formulation and strategic guidance but also in influencing international public opinion and reinforcing a state’s technological dominance. The study also highlights the importance of integrating technological, economic, and political–security dimensions within strategic plans to ensure effective management of such issues.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Government public relations
  topic: keywords
subject: artificial intelligence issues
  topic: keywords
subject: America’s action plan
  topic: keywords
creator: Hanan Hayder Albahrany
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Author http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-28
publication date: 2026-03-28
starting page: 1
ending page: 17
doi: 10.33282/abaa.v18i71.1307

Journalism and Audiences in the Age of Misinformation
type: item
description: Objectives: This study aims to identify the factors influencing the trust of university students in Baghdad in local media outlets amid the growing prevalence of misinformation. It focuses particularly on the role of media transparency, fact-checking skills, and media literacy in shaping this trust. Methodology: The study adopted an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design. In the first phase, a quantitative survey was administered to a sample of 200 male and female university students. This was followed by a qualitative phase that included semi-structured interviews and news content analysis to explain the statistical findings and provide a deeper understanding of their implications. Results: The findings revealed a positive correlation between media transparency-particularly the public acknowledgment, and correction of errors—and increased audience trust in media outlets. The results also indicated that students’ possession of factchecking and media literacy skills contributes to protecting them from misinformation and fake news. Conversely, continuous exposure to unreliable content was found to reduce trust in media sources and undermine their perceived credibility. Conclusion: The study concluded that media institutions should adopt clear and transparent policies for correcting errors. It also emphasized the importance of integrating digital verification skills and media literacy into university curricula, as such measures can help restore trust in the media and enhance public awareness in confronting misinformation and media manipulation.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Trust in media
  topic: keywords
subject: misinformation
  topic: keywords
subject: media literacy
  topic: keywords
subject: digital journalism
  topic: keywords
subject: youth
  topic: keywords
subject: university students in Baghdad
  topic: keywords
creator: Maryam Massaher Jaddah
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Author http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-28
publication date: 2026-06-28
starting page: 44
ending page: 60
doi: 10.33282/abaa.v18i72.1302

The Effectiveness of Digital Security Content in Reducing Drug Promotion from the Perspective of the Audience in the City of Kirkuk
type: item
description: Objectives: This research aims to monitor the media role of the Iraqi National Security Service through digital security content, particularly video clips published on social media platforms, in limiting drug promotion. It also seeks to determine the effectiveness of this content as an influence tool on audiences, examine patterns of their interaction with it, and evaluate their perceptions of it within the framework of social responsibility theory. Methodology: The researcher adopted the survey method and used a questionnaire to collect data from digital media audiences. The study sample consisted of (235) male and female respondents, taking into account various demographic characteristics including gender, age, and educational level. Results: The results showed that females demonstrate a higher level of awareness than males regarding the role of digital security content in reducing drug promotion. Individuals with higher educational levels also showed greater awareness and acceptance of methods aimed at limiting such promotion. Additionally, older individuals and those with higher education were more receptive to the proposed security content, reflecting a stronger awareness of social responsibility regarding community security issues. The study also revealed variations in the perceived importance of digital security content related to the maturity and experience associated with respondents’ demographic characteristics. Conclusion: The results highlight the importance of developing digital security content and strategically employing it to enhance its role in limiting drug promotion while taking into account demographic differences in audience responses. The findings also emphasize the need to strengthen public awareness and social responsibility to support digital security policies more effectively.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Effectiveness
  topic: keywords
subject: digital security content
  topic: keywords
subject: drug promotion
  topic: keywords
creator: Saifuldeen Hussein Khalaf
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Author http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-28
publication date: 2026-03-28
starting page: 52
ending page: 70
doi: 10.33282/abaa.v18i71.1278

Minority Media
type: item
description: Objectives: This study aims to analyze minority media as a discourse reflecting cultural and identity diversity in modern societies, by examining its role in shaping or weakening transnational identities. It focuses on the contribution of traditional and digital media to building a cross-border communicative identity among minorities, addressing their representation in the media and the relationship between media and minorities in terms of connection and isolation. The study also traces the shift from local media to transnational digital media and compares minority presence in Western and Arab media, explaining the limited Arab interest in this phenomenon despite its development in Western contexts. Methodology: The researcher adopted an inductive analytical approach to trace the historical development of minority media and analyze its theoretical discourses, alongside a comparative method between European and Arab experiences. Applied models were analyzed, including Moroccan migrant media in France, digital platforms of Arab diasporas, and media of sectarian and linguistic minorities. Results: The results show that minority media has evolved from traditional to digital forms, giving rise to concepts such as the “connected migrant” and the “virtual homeland” Media now plays a dual role between empowering minorities and reinforcing stereotypes. It was also found that 75% of minority media in Europe is digital and is mostly presented in the host country’s language, producing a hybrid local transnational identity. In contrast, Arab interest in this field remains limited due to political considerations, despite the multiplicity of minorities. Conclusion: The study concludes that minority media has become a space for forming identities that transcend the nation-state, combining empowerment and exclusion through granting recognition or reproducing marginalization. It emphasizes the need for media based on diversity and justice, supported by legislation that ensures fair r…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Minority media
  topic: keywords
subject: identities
  topic: keywords
subject: transnational identities
  topic: keywords
creator: Jamel Zran
creator: Moez Ben Messaoud
creator: Noureddine Miladi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Author http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-28
publication date: 2025-12-28
starting page: 1
ending page: 17
doi: 10.33282/abaa.v17i70.1295

Digital promotion strategies via social media from the perspective of Iraqi promoters
type: item
description: Objectives: This research aims to identify the digital promotion strategies adopted by Iraqi promoters through social media platforms and analyze the most significant challenges and opportunities associated with these practices. It also seeks to evaluate the effectiveness of these strategies in achieving promotional campaign objectives such as attracting attention, increasing sales, and building brand identity. Methodology: The researcher adopted the survey method for data collection using a questionnaire distributed to a sample of (77) Iraqi promoters working in digital promotion across social media platforms. The collected data were analyzed statistically to identify indicators of promotional practices and the challenges they encounter. Results: The results showed that Iraqi promoters do not rely on written or scientifically structured strategies; instead, they depend primarily on their personal skills and practical experience to determine promotional methods for each product. The study also highlighted the importance of high-quality camera angles, the combined use of video and images, the employment of well-known personalities, and effective engagement with audience comments as key factors for the success of promotional campaigns. Conclusion: The findings indicate the need to develop the skills of digital promoters and encourage them to adopt innovative advertising campaigns that consider the characteristics and interests of Iraqi consumers. Additionally, formulating clear promotional strategies would enhance the effectiveness of digital campaigns and help achieve their objectives more efficiently.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Digital promotion
  topic: keywords
subject: social media
  topic: keywords
subject: promoters
  topic: keywords
subject: promotional strategies
  topic: keywords
creator: Khodhr Alyaas Nahed Lafta
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Author http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-28
publication date: 2026-03-28
starting page: 71
ending page: 87
doi: 10.33282/abaa.v18i71.1283

Content Analysis of News Reports on Al Jazeera Website Representing Iraqi Archaeological Heritage Under Threat
type: item
description: Objectives: The study aims to achieve a set of objectives, most notably: identifying the key issues related to Iraqi archaeological heritage under threat covered by the website during the specified period and revealing the narrative frames and symbolic meanings employed in reporting these issues. This is pursued by answering the main research question: What is the content of news reports representing Iraqi archaeological heritage under threat on Al Jazeera website during the 2019–2024 period? Methodology: The researcher adopted the media survey methodology, using content analysis as a tool for a sample comprising reports published on the Al Jazeera website during the period subject of study. Results: The findings revealed that the reports often highlighted significant concern for threatened or looted archaeological sites, such as the Baghdad Museum, the city of Lagash (Telul al-Habaa), and several sites in Mosul and Dhi Qar. The results also showed that the dominant media discourse relied on narrative framing that portrayed heritage as a victim of conflicts and wars, documenting both the human and material losses resulting from the destruction of cultural legacy. Some reports also emphasized the efforts made to recover stolen artifacts, highlighting the role of Iraqi government bodies and several specialists, such as Wafaa Hassan. Conclusion: The study indicates that Al Jazeera’s media coverage focused on portraying Iraqi archaeological heritage as a civilizational component threatened with extinction due to conflicts, while also highlighting both official and individual efforts to protect and restore it. This reflects the role of media in shaping collective awareness of the value of heritage as part of national identity and human memory.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Content analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: News reports
  topic: keywords
subject: Al Jazeera website
  topic: keywords
subject: Iraqi archaeological heritage
  topic: keywords
creator: Hussein Murad Kadhim Al-Sultani
creator: Muhannad Abbas Kadhim Alkufi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Author http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-09-28
publication date: 2025-09-28
starting page: 145
ending page: 167
doi: 10.33282/abaa.v17i69.1276

Social Media Platforms and Their Role in Addressing Deviant Behaviors from the Perspective of University Youth
type: item
description: Objectives: This study aims to explore social media platforms and their role in addressing deviant behaviors from the perspective of university youth. Methodology: Classified as descriptive research, the study relied on the survey method. The research population consisted of students of the College of Political Science at the University of Baghdad for the academic year 2024–2025. The sample comprised 10% of the population; 100 students, selected using simple random sampling. Results: The findings showed that the majority of respondents use social media extensively (96%), with a strong preference for video content, especially on Instagram. Influencers and well-known personalities were the most followed. Respondents indicated that awareness-raising content competes with both negative and positive content and is regularly followed by students. The study found that the most common deviant behavior youth seek to limit is cyberbullying in all its forms. Digital awareness campaigns, especially video-based ones, were identified as the most used in raising awareness. Real-life relatable content had the strongest influence on respondents. Moreover, 83% acknowledged the importance of digital awareness campaigns. Conclusion: Deviant behaviors can be addressed by focusing on making content purposeful, as awareness content has a significant impact on youth. The research highlights the interaction of youth with social media content that contributes to correcting certain behaviors. It indicates that if used purposefully, social media can be an effective guiding and awareness tool for reinforcing moral values and reducing behavioral risks such as addiction, aggression, and extremism.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Role
  topic: keywords
subject: Platforms
  topic: keywords
subject: Social media
  topic: keywords
subject: Deviant behaviors
  topic: keywords
subject: University youth
  topic: keywords
creator: Mina Harith Hazim
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Author http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-09-28
publication date: 2025-09-28
starting page: 88
ending page: 116
doi: 10.33282/abaa.v17i69.1279

The Reality of Media Training Programs for Palestinian Female Journalists in Light of Digital Media
type: item
description: Objectives: This study aims to reveal the reality of media training for Palestinian female journalists in the Gaza governorates in light of developments in digital media, to identify the nature of professional training that meets their needs, and to evaluate the effectiveness of the training programs provided to them from their own perspective. Methodology: The study relied on the descriptive method, using a survey approach. A questionnaire was applied to a random sample of (80) Palestinian female journalists working in media institutions in the Gaza governorates. Results: The results showed that the most prominent obstacles facing media training were reliance on traditional methods (72.5%), similarity of training topics (63%), and weak funding (52.5%). Additionally, (45%) of respondents indicated the scarcity of specialized training departments within media institutions, (35%) stated that training lacks integration between theory and practice, and (33.75%) pointed to the failure to keep up with technological developments as one of the most significant challenges limiting the success of media training. Conclusion: The study reveals a clear gap between the requirements of professional development for Palestinian female journalists and the reality of the training programs provided to them. This calls for updating methods, diversifying topics, and strengthening the practical and technological aspects of media training to ensure its effectiveness and responsiveness to field needs.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Media training
  topic: keywords
subject: Palestinian female journalists
  topic: keywords
subject: digital media
  topic: keywords
creator: Ahmed Oraby Hussein Al Turk
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Author http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-09-28
publication date: 2025-09-28
starting page: 1
ending page: 37
doi: 10.33282/abaa.v17i69.1277

Cultural Dimensions in Television Advertising
type: item
description: Objectives: This research aimed to highlight the semiotic approach in analyzing television advertising, to uncover the hidden and indirect meanings behind the apparent message of the advertisement "Zain Ya Baghdad" through semiotic analysis. It also incorporated cultural analysis using Hofstede's cultural dimensions, to reveal the relationship between text and image and understand the factors influencing the semiotics of the image, given that it contains signs, symbols, rules, and meanings rooted in the prevailing social and intellectual conditions of society. Methodology: The research stages were conducted by deconstructing the advertisement scenes into individual shots and analyzing them, then reconstructing them to uncover hidden aspects, based on the semiotic analysis approach. Results: The results showed the dominance of the cultural dimension in the content of the advertisement, which was not merely a direct commercial promotion but was laden with cultural and heritage meanings. Elements of Iraqi identity such as music, locations, characters, language, and clothing were employed to deliver an emotional message about Baghdad. Visual and iconic symbols served the cultural meaning by incorporating traditional professions like coppersmithing and calligraphy, and famous locations such as Al-Mutanabbi Street and traditional cafés, enabling the advertisement to present Baghdad as a unifying cultural and emotional symbol. Additionally, the analysis revealed inconsistencies with some of Hofstede's indicators for Iraq, showing clear discrepancies between the global Hofstede classification and the culture reflected in the advertisement. Conclusions: Television advertising is no longer merely a promotional tool but has become a medium for constructing cultural symbols and reinforcing collective identity. The study reveals that cultural values in Iraqi society, as represented in the advertisement, partially differ from Hofstede's indicators, reflecting unique local cultura…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Cultural Dimensions
  topic: keywords
subject: Advertising
  topic: keywords
subject: Cultural Analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Semiotics
  topic: keywords
subject: Hofstede
  topic: keywords
creator: Bushra Jameel Al-Rawi
creator: Dhulfiqar Fadhil Salman Al-Mamoori
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Author http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-06-28
publication date: 2025-06-28
starting page: 89
ending page: 111
doi: 10.33282/abaa.v17i68.1274

Borrowing Media Discourse in Selected Models of the Arabic Novel
type: item
description: Objectives: Objectives: This study aims to uncover the ways in which the journalistic referent is invoked and transformed within contemporary Arabic narrative discourse. It does so through an analysis of selected novels: Love in Exile by Bahaa Taher, That Smell by Sonallah Ibrahim, Beirut Nightmares by Ghada Al-Samman, and Al-Wali al-Tahir Raises His Hands in Prayer by Tahar Wattar. The research seeks to clarify how journalistic discourse intersects with narrative storytelling, and the aesthetic and semantic possibilities this intersection opens up in renewing narrative writing. Methodology: The study adopts a constructive–analytical approach in reading this narrative corpus, as a method capable of tracing discursive construction mechanisms and analyzing forms of interaction between textual genres. The research is divided into two main sections. The first, entitled “Journalistic Discourse in the Novel: Patterns of Borrowing,” is devoted to examining the partial and total manifestations of journalistic discourse within narrative discourse. The second section, entitled “Journalistic Discourse in the Novel: Genres and Forms of Transformation,” addresses the patterns through which journalistic forms are transformed within narrative structures. Results: The study reaches a set of findings at both the formal and thematic levels. Formally, it demonstrates that the transformation of the journalistic referent occurs through three main techniques: the news item accompanied by narrative commentary, the collage technique, and the live-reporting technique. Thematically, a reversal of discursive roles and functions is observed: narrative discourse, as a fictional mode, comes to bear something akin to “truth-telling,” while journalistic discourse, traditionally governed by the principle that “news is sacred and comment is free”, appears as misleading or deceptive. Conclusion: The study concludes that transforming the journalistic referent has played an effective role in opening ne…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Novel
  topic: keywords
subject: journalistic news
  topic: keywords
subject: live report
  topic: keywords
subject: collage
  topic: keywords
subject: journalistic commentary
  topic: keywords
creator: Bassem Bargaoui
creator: Saleh Al Kalbani
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Author http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-28
publication date: 2025-12-28
starting page: 18
ending page: 32
doi: 10.33282/abaa.v17i70.1269

The Use of Soft Power in Russian Propaganda
type: item
description: Objectives: The research aims to uncover the rhetorical mechanisms employed by Russian President Vladimir Putin in utilizing soft power tools within his propaganda discourse. It seeks to identify the key soft power instruments emphasized in Russian rhetoric during the Ukraine crisis and analyze the propaganda techniques based on soft power utilization within the context of official Russian political discourse. Methodology: This research falls under qualitative analytical studies, where the researcher employed Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), based on Norman Fairclough's three-stage model: text analysis, discourse analysis, and social context analysis. A purposive sample of two official speeches by President Putin was selected: the first is an article published on July 12, 2021, titled "The Historical Unity Between Russians and Ukrainians," and the second is a televised speech delivered on February 24, 2022, coinciding with the start of the Russia-Ukraine war. Results: The Russian discourse utilized soft power through psychological and emotional influence, linking the present to nationalist historical narratives. Putin relied on symbolic slogans such as "Russian Unity" and "Multinational Russia" to reinforce his political stance, justifying the war on Ukraine as a "legitimate" action to protect Russia's historical unity and culture. The independence of Ukraine was depicted as the result of a foreign conspiracy. The discourse demonstrated the integration of various soft power tools: historical symbolism, cultural influence, diplomacy, economic elements (e.g., gas resources), and military doctrine. Linguistic techniques included threats, intimidation, historical metaphors, religious symbols, euphemism, repetition, and rhetorical questions. Putin successfully rebranded Russia as a "great power," delegitimized the West and Ukraine, and positioned Russia as the protector of shared values and history. Conclusion: Russian propaganda reflects an advanced use of soft power,…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Political propaganda
  topic: keywords
subject: Soft power
  topic: keywords
subject: International propaganda
  topic: keywords
creator: Ali Mahmoud Ibrahim
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Author http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-06-28
publication date: 2025-06-28
starting page: 22
ending page: 43
doi: 10.33282/abaa.v17i68.1265

The Performance of Hussaini Media and Development Opportunities from the Perspective of Academic and Religious Elites
type: item
description: Objectives: This research aimed to evaluate the performance of Hussaini media from the perspective of academic and religious elites, identify its strengths and weaknesses, and explore the most prominent opportunities for its development. Additionally, it sought to present practical proposals to advance this specialized media sector, which focuses on covering and transmitting issues and rituals associated with the revolution of Imam Hussain (peace be upon him). Methodology: The researcher adopted a descriptive (survey) methodology, using an electronic questionnaire distributed to a purposive sample of 300 participants from academic and religious elites in Iraq and other Arab countries. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods. Results: The findings revealed broad rejection among elites of covering practices that distort the image of Hussaini rituals, such as self-flagellation with swords (Tatbir) and walking on fire. The research also identified key challenges in the performance of Hussaini media, the most significant being the lack of specialization and skills among some workers and the dominance of emotional rhetoric in media messages. The results indicated that development opportunities lie in effective planning, capacity building, and presenting the Hussaini discourse using modern artistic methods. The researcher concluded that while Hussaini media has played a partial role in conveying the values of the Hussaini revolution, its advancement requires a comprehensive professional and methodological review that aligns with contemporary changes and the needs of the target audience. Conclusion: Hussaini media represents an effective tool for promoting the values of the Hussaini revolution; however, it faces professional and content-related challenges that necessitate a comprehensive review, including capacity building, strategic planning, and ensuring both professional and religious discipline in its workers’ performance.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Hussaini media
  topic: keywords
subject: Performance evaluation
  topic: keywords
subject: Academic and religious elites
  topic: keywords
creator: Iyad Mohammed Khazaal Al-bondawi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Author http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-06-28
publication date: 2025-06-28
starting page: 44
ending page: 70
doi: 10.33282/abaa.v17i68.1248

Communication Methods of Drug Dealers and Their Impact on Youth in Baghdad
type: item
description: Objectives: This study aims to identify the communication methods used by drug dealers in Baghdad, understand the reasons and factors leading to drug abuse among youth, analyze the language and persuasive techniques used to entice young people into drug use, and highlight the psychological, social, and economic impacts resulting from these methods. Methodology: The study adopted a qualitative exploratory approach, using in-depth interviews as the primary data collection tool. The purposive sample consisted of 15 participants, including drug dealers, drug users, as well as specialists such as anti-narcotics officers, psychiatrists, and journalists. The interviews were analyzed to monitor communication methods and interpret their impacts. Results: The findings revealed that traditional social relationships remain the most prominent channel for drug promotion. Emotional and psychological vulnerability is among the key factors exploited to attract users. The study also found that the transition from drug user to dealer represents a critical stage influenced by these communication tactics. The research concluded that comprehensive preventive approaches are necessary, focusing on community education, enhancing family supervision, and reinforcing security measures. Conclusion: The study uncovered complex communication dynamics used to lure youth into drug use, primarily based on exploiting trust and social ties. Despite the widespread use of technology, traditional methods remain the most effective in the Iraqi context. This requires a multidimensional national preventive strategy that combines family awareness, security enforcement, and psychological and social support for young people.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Communication Methods
  topic: keywords
subject: Drug Dealers
  topic: keywords
subject: Drug Users
  topic: keywords
subject: Psychological and Social Impacts
  topic: keywords
subject: Public Relations
  topic: disciplines
creator: Mustafa Amer Sanad
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Author http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-06-28
publication date: 2025-06-28
starting page: 1
ending page: 21
doi: 10.33282/abaa.v17i68.1255

Sports Songs of Arab Ultras Groups as a Space for Political Expression
type: item
description: Objectives: This study sought to identify the contents of the sports songs of Arab Ultras groups, focusing on their political character and role in social and political expression. Methodology: The study analyzed eight politically themed sports songs of Ultras groups in Egypt, Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia using content analysis to extract categories directly from the songs’ content. Results: The findings showed that the dominant element in political sports songs of Ultras is resistance, as they serve as a means of challenging and confronting ruling political regimes, reflecting rejection of the lived reality. Conclusion: The study confirmed that the Ultras social movement has succeeded in using sports songs as a public oppositional space for political expression, reflecting the role of sports culture in stimulating political and social activism among youth.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Songs
  topic: keywords
subject: Sports
  topic: keywords
subject: Ultras
  topic: keywords
subject: Politics
  topic: keywords
creator: Abdellatif Moukar
creator: Fadhila Toumi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Author http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-09-28
publication date: 2025-09-28
starting page: 117
ending page: 144
doi: 10.33282/abaa.v17i69.1252

Journalistic Narrative of Human-Interest Stories Using 360° Video Technology on the Al Jazeera Contrasts Platform
type: item
description: This study investigates the journalistic narrative techniques employed in human interest stories through the use of virtual reality—or immersive—technologies. These innovations have revealed new narrative patterns that align with the unique nature of the story and the characteristics of digital publication platforms. The research aims to identify the mechanisms and principles underpinning journalistic narrative as well as the properties of narrative structure, and to delineate the constituent elements of narrative in this genre of news stories. The study’s sample consists of the human-interest news story “Manal al-Amal,” which utilizes 360° video technology on the digital platform Al Jazeera Contrasts. This story recounts the hardships endured by Yemeni children and mothers as a consequence of the war’s aftermath-marked by disease, hunger, and destruction. The study is grounded in narrative theory, which is part of structural theories, and employs the methodology of narrative analysis. The researcher adopted the quadripartite narrative classification proposed by Catherine Rissman. The findings reveal that the reliance on journalistic narrative in such human-interest stories differs from conventional news texts in terms of the narrator, the narrative sequence, and narrative dramatization—a contrast to media framing—thereby fulfilling ideological communicative functions that help shape the ideas and opinions of the audience.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Narrative
  topic: keywords
subject: Journalistic Narrative
  topic: keywords
subject: 360° Video
  topic: keywords
subject: Immersive Journalism
  topic: keywords
subject: Al Jazeera Contrasts
  topic: keywords
creator: Naouel Boumechta
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Author http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-03-28
publication date: 2025-03-28
starting page: 1
ending page: 25
doi: 10.33282/abaa.v17i67.1245

News Coverage of Gaza Events on the BBC Arabic Website
type: item
description: This study aims to answer the main question: What is the nature of the news coverage provided by the BBC Arabic website for Gaza events? It seeks to achieve several objectives, most notably: identifying the key themes in the news coverage, uncovering the methods used to report on Gaza events on the BBC Arabic site, and pinpointing the primary sources utilized in this coverage. Classified as descriptive research, this study employs a survey method and utilizes a content analysis tool to meet its objectives. The research yielded several findings, including the following: the military frame ranked first with a frequency of 678 occurrences and a percentage of (34.53%), while the humanitarian frame ranked second with 639 occurrences (32.55%). Regarding the style of reporting, “simple news coverage” attained the highest position with 116 occurrences (45.84%), whereas “narrative-driven news coverage” ranked second with 79 occurrences (31.22%). Concerning the sources of information, the “correspondent” category ranked first with 126 occurrences (49.80%), followed by “news agencies” with 51 occurrences (20.15%).
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: News Coverage
  topic: keywords
subject: BBC Arabic Website
  topic: keywords
subject: Gaza Events
  topic: keywords
creator: Sabreen Noori Hadi
creator: Ahmed Hasan Hashim
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Author http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-03-28
publication date: 2025-03-28
starting page: 55
ending page: 86
doi: 10.33282/abaa.v17i67.1238

Journalistic Frames in the Coverage of the “Theft of the Century” Case on News Websites
type: item
description: This study examines the journalistic frames employed by Iraqi news websites—specifically, the Iraqi News Agency (INA), Al-Forat News, and Baghdad Today—in covering the misappropriation of tax deposits, commonly known as the “Theft of the Century,” one of the most prominent cases of financial corruption in Iraq’s history. The research aims to identify the journalistic frameworks and methods used in addressing this case while shedding light on the different types of journalistic coverage these websites have provided. The study adopts a descriptive approach by employing the survey method along with a content analysis tool. It encompasses all publications related to the case during the period from October 15 to November 15, 2022, amounting to a total of 164 analyzed items. The results reveal that the studied websites focused on a framework of journalistic responsibility in response to the prevailing public demand for uncovering those responsible and holding them accountable. In doing so, the websites primarily relied on presenting facts by displaying official data, evidence, and documents, as well as by interpreting and justifying the positions of the accused parties in their defence. The study further concludes that the nature of the case—characterized by rapid developments and unexpected twists—necessitated the use of news as the primary journalistic genre for covering events, as it was considered the most suitable means for conveying details and staying abreast of emerging developments compared to other journalistic forms.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Media Frames
  topic: keywords
subject: Theft of the Century
  topic: keywords
subject: Journalistic Coverage
  topic: keywords
subject: News Websites
  topic: keywords
creator: Mustafa Flayyih Hussein
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Author http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-03-28
publication date: 2025-03-28
starting page: 26
ending page: 54
doi: 10.33282/abaa.v17i67.1228

The Mental Image of the Private Banking Sector Among Customers
type: item
description: This study aims to explore the mental image of Al-Taif Islamic Bank among customers in Baghdad, investigating whether this image is positive or negative. The image significantly influences the audience's motivation for effective engagement with the bank. The researcher employed a survey methodology by designing a measurement tool and distributing it to a purposive sample of 400 respondents representing various districts of Baghdad who are customers of Al-Taif Islamic Bank. The study revealed several key findings: The overall image held by customers is well-defined and overwhelmingly positive. Customers choose the bank mainly for its attractive returns, widespread availability, and excellent reputation. The bank maintains strict confidentiality and privacy for its clients, fostering loyalty and trust. Its programs and services are risk-free, and its employees possess high competency and persuasive negotiation skills. The bank actively conducts media campaigns to promote its programs and services and ensures clients are kept informed about its financial activities and offerings. Information dissemination is handled by the bank's Risk Management Department, social media channels, and customers' personal experiences, which serve as a significant source of information about the bank.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Customers
  topic: keywords
subject: Mental Image
  topic: keywords
subject: Al-Taif Islamic Bank
  topic: keywords
creator: Muna Hameed Muhsin
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Author http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-28
publication date: 2024-12-28
starting page: 58
ending page: 83
doi: 10.33282/abaa.v16i66.1224

The Importance of Management in Journalistic Institutions
type: item
description: The administrative body is considered the backbone of all journalistic institutions, serving as the primary guarantee for their success and the continuity of their administrative, journalistic, and technical operations. This ensures the sustainability of their journalistic activities and their ability to attract readers. This study focuses on examining the role of management in the success of operations within journalistic institutions by analyzing the significance of newspaper management, as well as the methods, techniques, and mechanisms employed in managing journalistic, administrative, and technical work. Additionally, it explores the adopted management theories, the advancements in management science, and the extent to which journalistic institution administrations keep pace with these developments and apply them in the field of journalism. The concept of managing media institutions is a multidisciplinary research field that examines how media institutions utilize resources to meet the needs and desires of society. This concept emphasizes the effective management of media outlets. The study reached several conclusions, most notably: management serves as the cornerstone upon which journalistic institutions rely. Administrative personnel must stay abreast of technological advancements and leverage these technologies in various forms for administrative tasks, as they provide speed, precision, and efficiency in completing communication processes. Moreover, the study recommends that journalistic institutions develop improvement plans that include programs to enhance employees' skills in alignment with ongoing professional developments in journalism.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Management
  topic: keywords
subject: Journalism
  topic: keywords
subject: Journalistic Institutions
  topic: keywords
creator: Sarab Al-Shareef
creator: Maytham Irani
creator: Yasser Abdulzahra Al-hojjaj
creator: Mohammad Reza Anvari
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Author http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-28
publication date: 2024-12-28
starting page: 117
ending page: 138
doi: 10.33282/abaa.v16i66.1223

Compatibility and Difference in News Coverage of the Russian-Ukrainian Conflict
type: item
description: This study compares the news coverage of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict on the Russian channel "Russia Today" and the American channel "Al-Hurra," highlighting the impact of political and ideological orientations on event reporting. The relationships and interests linking Russia and the United States to the conflict played a significant role in shaping the media coverage, resulting in differences in how news was presented and the terms used, reflecting divergent perspectives. The study employed content analysis of the main news bulletins over one month, starting from the onset of the Russian military operations in Ukraine, focusing on areas of agreement and disagreement between the two channels. The findings reveal: Russia Today used terms like "special operations" and "operations in Donbas," whereas Al-Hurra described these actions as illegitimate and referred to pro-Russian forces in Donbas as "separatists". Russia Today heavily emphasized justifying the war based on statements from Russian politicians, while Al-Hurra approached these justifications cautiously, casting doubt on their validity. This analysis illustrates how media coverage differs according to the political and ideological frameworks of each channel.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Compatibility
  topic: keywords
subject: Difference
  topic: keywords
subject: News Coverage
  topic: keywords
subject: Russian-Ukrainian Conflict
  topic: keywords
creator: Walaa Muhammad Ali Hussein
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Author http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-28
publication date: 2024-12-28
starting page: 37
ending page: 57
doi: 10.33282/abaa.v16i66.1168

Al-Sabah Newspaper’s Coverage of Saudi-Iranian Relations
type: item
description: This research aims to identify the media treatment methods employed by the semi-governmental Iraqi newspaper, Al-Sabah, regarding the Saudi-Iranian relations file, as it helps to understand the official Iraqi stance on this issue and its orientations towards it. The research relied on content analysis by analyzing 15 issues of Al-Sabah newspaper using a content analysis form. The form was constructed based on the method of "What was said?" and "How was it said?" through analysis categories that describe the shape and content of the news and the trends it aims to generate among the receiving audience. The research concluded that the media treatments conducted by Al-Sabah newspaper regarding the Saudi-Iranian relations file depended on presenting news related to this file in the form of an article supported by an illustrative image. It also relied on presenting news with emotional appeals, in addition to a consensual approach that seeks to bring the viewpoints of the two countries closer.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Media treatment
  topic: keywords
subject: Middle East
  topic: keywords
subject: Regional role
  topic: keywords
subject: Al-Sabah newspaper
  topic: keywords
subject: Saudi-Iranian relations
  topic: keywords
creator: Nada Omran Hussain
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Author http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-06-29
publication date: 2024-06-29
starting page: 26
ending page: 39
doi: 10.33282/abaa.v16i64.1194

Motivations Behind Sports Audiences' Use of Sports News Websites on Social Media
type: item
description: This research gains its significance from the importance of understanding the motivations behind sports audiences' use of sports news websites through social media and the gratifications they derive from this usage. The researcher employed a survey method, designing a questionnaire as a tool to uncover the motivations and achieved gratifications, aiming to meet the objectives and answer the research problem's questions. The primary goal is to identify the motivations driving sports audiences to use sports news websites via social media and to determine the gratifications they achieve from this usage. The research population was limited to users of sports news websites on social media at the College of Media, University of Baghdad, within the three departments: Radio and Television, Public Relations, and Journalism. The researcher used a purposive sampling method. The research findings highlighted several key points, including the primary motivations for sports audiences' use of sports news websites, such as the sports analyses provided by specialists on these platforms, which contribute to increasing knowledge about sports events and issues. Additionally, these platforms introduce prominent sports stars, with both receiving an agreement rate of 65% and a frequency of 96 for each. As for the gratifications achieved by the sports audience from using sports news websites, the research found that the audience gained significant knowledge about clubs and national teams participating in championships and sporting events, with an agreement rate of 70% and a frequency of 103 from the research sample. Moreover, the websites contributed to acquiring information and knowledge about sports-related topics, with an agreement rate of 67% and a frequency of 99.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Usage
  topic: keywords
subject: Social Media
  topic: keywords
subject: Sports Audience
  topic: keywords
subject: Motivations
  topic: keywords
subject: Sports Websites
  topic: keywords
creator: Sarmad Ahmad Abdullah
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Author http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-09-30
publication date: 2024-09-30
starting page: 54
ending page: 85
doi: 10.33282/abaa.v16i65.1222

The Relationship Between Political and Security News on Iraqi Satellite Channels and Public Anxiety
type: item
description: This research aims to examine the relationship between political and security news broadcast on Iraqi satellite channels and the resulting feelings of anxiety among the public. The study was conducted on a sample of 426 individuals from the audience in Baghdad, selected using the multi-stage or cluster random sampling method. The research falls within the scope of "causal correlation studies" and utilizes a survey methodology, a questionnaire, and a measurement tool for data collection. The findings reveal that the public experiences a higher level of anxiety compared to the respondents when following political and security news on Iraqi satellite channels. This heightened anxiety is attributed to the chaotic political landscape, recurring disputes among political blocs, and the lack of control over consumer goods prices due to the instability of the dollar exchange rate. Additional contributing factors include the presence of armed manifestations within cities, the prevalence of crime and kidnapping, the widespread trade and abuse of drugs, and the absence of fundamental solutions to alleviate citizens' suffering and provide for their basic needs. Furthermore, ongoing crises, such as strained relationships with neighboring countries, exacerbate feelings of intense anxiety and insecurity among citizens.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Security News
  topic: keywords
subject: Political News
  topic: keywords
subject: Public
  topic: keywords
subject: Iraqi Satellite Channels
  topic: keywords
subject: Anxiety
  topic: keywords
creator: Median Umran Altimeemi
creator: Mohammad Shakir Mahmood
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Author http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-28
publication date: 2024-12-28
starting page: 1
ending page: 36
doi: 10.33282/abaa.v16i66.1221

Public Relations Management of National Identity in International Exhibitions
type: item
description: The research aims to study how public relations (PR) departments capitalize on international events to manage and market a country's national identity through digital media platforms. The researchers analyzed the official Instagram page for Expo 2020, utilizing a survey method and qualitative content analysis tool. They employed comprehensive enumeration to analyze the posts related to the national symbols of the UAE, amounting to 862 posts. The research concluded with several key findings, the most important of which is that the PR management focused on the national philosophy of the state through the iconic visual logo. They relied on a collection of cultural, political, historical, geographical, and military symbols to manage the national identity. Great care was taken to include a broad range of symbols to provide a comprehensive representation of the country’s rich historical heritage. The study also recommended that the study of national identity should be given more space in academic research to yield precise results that offer a deeper understanding of the role of public relations in marketing national identity. This is because identity is considered the first stage in the process of building a nation's reputation.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Expo
  topic: keywords
subject: Public Relations
  topic: keywords
subject: International Exhibitions
  topic: keywords
subject: National Identity
  topic: keywords
creator: Arrak Ghanem Muhammad
creator: Elaf Mahdi Saleh
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Author http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-09-30
publication date: 2024-09-30
starting page: 25
ending page: 53
doi: 10.33282/abaa.v16i65.1214

Frames of Coverage of the Daniel Hurricane Disaster in Derna, Libya by the Website of Al-Sharq Al-Awsat International Newspaper
type: item
description: The research problem is centered around the main question: What are the coverage frames used by the website of Al-Sharq Al-Awsat International newspaper for the Daniel Hurricane disaster in Derna, Libya? This study falls within descriptive-analytical research, using content analysis applied to a readily available sample of news articles on the Al-Sharq Al-Awsat website regarding the Daniel Hurricane disaster in Derna, Libya. The period of analysis covered from September 10, 2023, to November 30, 2023, during which 142 news articles were analyzed. The researchers used a content analysis form as the main research tool. The study revealed several findings, including: Derna is the most affected region by the Daniel Hurricane in Libya, according to the Al-Sharq Al-Awsat website, with a coverage rate of 39.4%. Journalists were the most frequently cited sources in the coverage of the disaster, contributing to 40.9% of the content. The Libyan National Army's General Command was the most prominently featured entity among the active forces mentioned in the news articles, appearing in 24.5% of the coverage.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Daniel Hurricane
  topic: keywords
subject: Climate Change
  topic: keywords
subject: Al-Sharq Al-Awsat Newspaper
  topic: keywords
subject: Derna City
  topic: keywords
creator: Abdullah Mohammed Atbiqa
creator: Muhammad Abdullah Al-Ajm
creator: Salah Muhammad Al-Shaibani
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Author http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-09-30
publication date: 2024-09-30
starting page: 1
ending page: 24
doi: 10.33282/abaa.v16i65.1210

The representation of Arab masculinity in advertising
type: item
description: The aim of this study is to utilize Semiotic analysis to analyze the representation of Gulf men in advertising a Kuwaiti brand. Based on two YouTube commercials as a case study, this article asks, How is Arab masculinity represented in advertising? The findings indicate the existence of masculinity in flux, suggesting a subtle form of socialization and identity negotiation between foreign and local ideas, especially regarding gender relations and the representation of Arab masculinity. The analysis highlights the contrast between traditional and modern forms of masculinity, as represented by local and foreign football teams in the advertisement, suggesting that modern (or Western) forms of masculinity can be used to counteract oppressive local practices. The study argues that masculinity is not a fixed or objective concept and is instead shaped by the social and cultural context in which it exists. Here, the media's representation of masculinity is particularly influential in shaping how young people understand and internalize this idea.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Gulf society
  topic: keywords
subject: Arab masculinity
  topic: keywords
subject: Media representations
  topic: keywords
subject: Semiotics
  topic: keywords
subject: Modernism
  topic: keywords
creator: Abdullah Kassem Abdullah
creator: Noha Mellor
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Author http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-06-29
publication date: 2024-06-29
starting page: 1
ending page: 25
doi: 10.33282/abaa.v16i64.1208

The Role of Public Relations in Building the Institutional Image of Organizations Concerned with Children's Affairs
type: item
description: This research aims to explore the role of public relations in shaping the institutional image of organizations concerned with children's affairs and to identify the indicators of the public's perception of these organizations. The study employs a survey methodology through the preparation of a measurement form, distributed to a sample of the Children's Culture House audience, consisting of 400 respondents. This approach seeks to determine the role of public relations in the Children's Culture House and the prevailing public perception of the institution. The findings indicate that the public holds a positive perception of the Children's Culture House. This perception is attributed to the institution's activities and the work of its public relations team, which strives to offer the best programs and activities to its audience. Additionally, the results confirm that the Children's Culture House is one of the most significant local institutions in Iraq, dedicated to the care of children and the dissemination of cultural values through its initiatives.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Public Relations
  topic: keywords
subject: Institutional Image
  topic: keywords
subject: Organizations Concerned with Children's Affairs
  topic: keywords
creator: Fay Ayad Fouad
creator: Baqir Musa Jassim
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Author http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-28
publication date: 2024-12-28
starting page: 99
ending page: 116
doi: 10.33282/abaa.v16i66.1204

Iraqi Journalists' representations of their professional identity
type: item
description: The research aims to explore the nature of representations of Iraqi journalists' professional identity. It is classified as descriptive research and utilizes the descriptive analytical survey method. A purposive sample of (80) Iraqi journalists was employed, and a questionnaire tool was utilized. Several conclusions were reached, including: Iraqi journalists perform functional roles consistent with the functions of journalism, most notably: providing the public with information, monitoring governmental performance, conveying public opinion to decision-makers, and raising awareness of civil activism effectively. Influences originating within the journalism profession dominate the performance of Iraqi journalists in their professional work more than those exerted from outside. The key elements shaping Iraqi journalists' representations of their professional identity focus on informing the public about hidden issues and providing assistance to them. There were no statistically significant differences in the demographic variables of Iraqi journalists and their representations of their professional identity. There exists a positive correlation between the nature of the functional roles performed by Iraqi journalists and the elements shaping their representations of their professional identity, as well as a positive correlation between the nature of these roles and Iraqi journalists' representations of their professional identity.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Representations
  topic: keywords
subject: Iraqi journalists
  topic: keywords
subject: Roles
  topic: keywords
subject: Professional identity
  topic: keywords
creator: Azhar Sabeeh Ghintab
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Azhar Sabeeh Ghaintab http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-03-28
publication date: 2024-03-28
starting page: 57
ending page: 83
doi: 10.33282/abaa.v16i63.1183