حرية التعبير عن الرأي من وجهة نظر القائم بالاتصال في المؤسسات الإعلامية العربية

Abdul Majeed, Q. A. (2008). Media and Human Rights: Intellectual Issues, Analytical and Field Study. Alexandria: Dar Elgamaa Elgadida.

Abdul Qader, O. T. (2015). Media Legislation in Iraq and Their Implications on the Freedom of Media Work: Survey Study Based on Contact in The Iraqi Satellite Channels as A Model [Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Baghdad].

Abu Khalil, F. J. (2011). Media between repression and freedom of expression. Amman: Dar Osama For Publishing & Distribution.

Al-Amery, A., & Al-Rubaie, A. (2018). The Role of Interactivity on the Websites of Arab Satellite Channels in Promoting Freedom of Opinion and Expression in Iraq. University of Sharjah Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 15(2), 293-328. https://doi.org/10.36394/jhss/15/2/10

Al-Amri, M. H., & Al-Saadi, A. S. M. (2010). Media and Democracy in the Arab World. Cairo: Al Arabi Publishing and Distribution.

Al-Dibs, E. A. (2011). Political systems: Public rights and freedoms and guarantees for their protection. Amman: Dar Al Thaqafa for Publishing & Distribution.

Al-Nuaimi, H. (1989). Freedom and the press in Lebanon. Cairo: Al Arabi Publishing and Distribution.

Ali, M. M. (2017). Factors Affecting on the Performance of Professional Editors of The News on Iraqi Satellite TV [Unpublished Master's Thesis, University of Baghdad].

Bahrain Center for Strategic, International and Energy Studies. (2019). A survey of Bahraini journalists, writers, and media professionals regarding freedom of opinion and expression in the Kingdom of Bahrain. Bahrain: Bahrain Center for Strategic, International and Energy Studies. https://bitly.cx/2oZN

Erdem, B. (2018). The elements of freedom of expression in the light of the European convention on human rights. European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 4(2), 181-187. https://bitly.cx/nAL0U

Ibrahim, M. S. (2007). Media and Internet Ethics and Legislative Problems. Cairo: Dar Al-Kotob Al-Ilmiyah for Publishing & Distribution.

Saleh, R. Q. (2007). The right to freedom of opinion and expression – a psychological perspective. Journal Of Educational and Psychological Researches, 4(14-15), 151-175. https://www.jperc.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/jperc/article/view/817

Saleh, S. (2005). Media ethics (2 ed.). Amman: Alfalah Library for Publishing and Distribution.

Shoemaker, P. J., & Vos, T. (2009). Gatekeeping theory. Routledge.

United Nations. (1948). Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Retrieved 18 February 2026 from https://www.un.org/ar/about-us/universal-declaration-of-human-rights

United Nations. (1966). International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. The Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. https://www.ohchr.org/ar/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/international-covenant-civil-and-political-rights

Ziadeh, R. (2007). The limits of freedom of opinion and expression in the Danish cartoon crisis. In R. S. Taha (Ed.), Religions and freedom of expression: The problem of freedom in different societies (pp. 27-37). Cairo: Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies: Human Rights Debates Series (10).